By using liberal democratic values and infrastructure for cover, authoritarian actors have adopted various covert, non-military means to drive wedges between democratic societies and undermine their internal cohesion. In this paper for the Finnish Institute for International Affairs, Mikael Wigell outlines the strategic logic of such ‘hybrid interference’, showing how it puts Western democratic governance in jeopardy. He contends that the West needs to revamp deterrence policies to face this challenge and suggests a new strategic concept - democratic deterrence - to help make this happen.
https://css.ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/gess/cis/center-for-securities-studies/resources/docs/FIIA-wp110_democratic-deterrence-3.pdf

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