Due to layers of dysfunction within their governance systems, many MENA countries were largely unprepared to address the ramifications of the COVID-19 pandemic, in the context of demographic growth, climate change and the decline of hydrocarbon resources. Chloe Berger suggests in this article for the Elcano Royal Institute that MENA states have to navigate socio-economic transformations while facing drastic reductions of public resources. These are critical factors that NATO must take into account when considering NATO’s contribution to the stability of the MENA region.
http://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/wps/portal/rielcano_en/contenido?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/elcano/elcano_in/zonas_in/ari2-2021-berger-horizon-2030-assessing-impact-of-socio-economic-and-governance-issues-on-future-of-mena-region /> 

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