United Clubs of Europe: Informal Differentiation and the Social Ordering of intra-EU Diplomacy
Since the beginning of the European integration process, European states have had divergent - and often explicitly stated - views and positions on how far the ambitions for political integration should go. In her article for the
Norwegian Institute for International Affairs, Kristin Haugevik makes the case for integrating informal, social and minilateral dynamics in analyses of
differentiated integration in the European Union (EU). She notes that informal processes of integration precede and reinforce formal ones; that European integration is an inherently social process, as member states integrate with the EU identity-building project in different ways and to different degrees; and that member states enjoy heterogeneous social ties with one another, routinely forming informal bi- and minilateral coalitions in decision-shaping processes.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/00108367221103494 />
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