Most workers in developing countries work in the informal labour market. Lower-tier informal work leads to a dead end, with little opportunity to move up the job ladder. While those in upper-tier informal work are the most likely to transition to formal labour market jobs, others backslide into lower-tier informal work. In this UNU-WIDER - Policy Brief, Gary Fields, Kunal Sen, Michael Danquah et al analyze patterns of informal work and describe the drivers of low-income, low-productivity informal work. Particularly married men display a higher likelihood of climbing the job ladder, while the opposite is true for married women. The authors identify the main challenges and constraints preventing workers from transitioning to more stable jobs that provide higher earning potential. By reconceptualizing the informal labour market in developing countries, their report provides insight into how informal workers can climb the job ladder. 
https://www.wider.unu.edu/publication/climbing-job-ladder

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