Digital Connectivity and Digital Informants in War

Addressing vulnerability and promoting security
Aug 13, 2025 | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

Over the past twenty-five years, digital connectivity - including the internet and smartphones - has spread across the globe, also into every conflict zone. Today’s civilian observers of armed conflict are likely to have access to a smartphone that can transmit photos and videos, as well as GPS location data almost instantaneously. In this article by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Jack McDonald highlights the challenges posed by digital connectivity for states and their armed forces. He discusses how digital connectivity reshapes threats posed by civilian informants and identifies key policy problems, including managing how armed forces interact with suspected digital informants, also in the context of the incentives that states create for their citizens to collect information in armed conflicts. https://go.carnegieendowment.org

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