War Without End - Russia’s Shadow Warfare

Addressing vulnerability and promoting security
Dec 03, 2025 | Center for European Policy Analysis

The strategic resurgence of Russia’s intelligence operations is deeply rooted in Soviet ideology and earlier Imperial perspectives. Russia, cast eternally as a besieged fortress, believes it has no real allies. From the Russian perspective, true lasting peace with the West is impossible, as only temporary interludes exist, Sam Greene, Andrei Soldatov and Irina Borogan argue in their report for the Center for European Policy Analysis.  The war on dissent that killed Alexei Navalny is the same war that Russia is prosecuting in Ukraine, and the shadow war in Europe is inseparable from Russia’s shadow warfare as not merely an opportunistic tool, but an expression of a self-reinforcing system of governance. Unless Europe can impose discipline on the Russian shadow-warfare machine through deterrence, the likelihood of full-scale war between Russia and NATO will increase. https://cepa.org

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